REFEREE FORUM GLOSSARY Restarts: KO - Kick off GK - Goal Kick CK - Corner Kick TI - Throw-in DB - Dropped Ball FK - Free Kick DFK - Direct Free Kick IFK - Indirect Free Kick PK - Penalty Kick Fouls & Misconduct YC - Yellow Card or Caution RC - Red Card or Send Off UB or USB - Unsporting Behavior (Yellow Card) DT - Dissent (Yellow Card) PI - Persistent Infringement (Yellow Card) DR - Delaying the Restart (Yellow Card) FRD - Failure to respect the distance (Yellow Card) E - Entering without permission (Yellow Card) L - Leaving without permission (Yellow Card) SFP - Serious Foul Play (Red Card) VC - Violent Conduct (Red Card) S - Spits at an opponent (Red Card) DGH or DOGSO-H - Denying a Goal or an Obvious Goal Scoring opportunity by handling (Red Card) DGF or DOGSO-F - Denying an Obvious Goal Scoring opportunity by a free kick offense (Red Card) AL or OFFINABUS - Offensive, Insulting or Abusive Language (Red Card) 2CT or 2Y or SBO - Second Caution (Red Card) PIADM - Playing in a dangerous manner (also known as "dangerous play") SPA - Stopping a promising attack (Yellow Card) (Commonly called a tactical or professional foul) Offside OS - Offside OP or OSP - Offside Position PIOSP or PIOP - Player in Offside Position 2LD - Second-to-Last Defender Referee Personnel R or CR - Referee or Center Referee AR - Assistant Referee SAR or AR1 - Senior Assistant Referee (typically bench side official) JAR or AR2 - Junior Assistant Referee (typically non-bench side official) 4th or 4O - Fourth Official RAR or 5O - Reserve Assistant Referee (sometimes referred to as "fifth official") AAR - Additional Assistant Referee (goal line officials) VAR - Video Assistant Referee AVAR - Assistant Video Assistant Referee Governing Bodies & Documents LOTG - Laws of the Game SOTG or SOTL - Spirit of the Game or Spirit of the Laws Law 18 - Common Sense IFAB - International Football Association Board (organization that makes and amends the Laws) I&G - FIFA/IFAB's Interpretations of the Laws of the Game Q&A - Document from FIFA that was the forerunner to the I&G ATR - USSF's Advice to Referees, which is a document that interprets the Laws for US referees GTP - USSF's Guide to Procedures, which is a document laying out mechanics for the officiating team PRO - Professional Referee Organization (independent organization responsible for the selection and assignments of referees for MLS and certain lower professional leagues) ROC - Rules of Competition; set of rules or guidelines specific to a competition that may deviate from or offer more specific detail than the Laws or or other instructions USSF Instructional Material 4 Ds - used to determine validity/appropriateness of red card for DOGSO: distance to ball, distance to goal, direction of play, number of defenders SIAPOA - used to determine validity/appropriateness of red card for serious foul play tackle: Speed of play and tackle, Intent, Aggressive nature, Position of the tackler, Opportunity to play the ball, Atmosphere FIRE - used to determine validity/appropriateness of red card for violent conduct contact above the shoulders; Frustration, Intimidation, Retaliation, Establish territory or space USSF Grade System 8 - Entry Level for referees above age 16 (Grade 9 is for recreational referees) 7 - Referee 6 - State Referee 5 - de facto National Candidate 4 - National Assistant Referee 3 - National Referee 2 - FIFA Assistant Referee 1 - FIFA Referee Miscellaneous PA - Penalty Area GA - Goal Area KFTM or KFTPM - Kicks From The [Penalty] Mark (commonly known as a penalty shootout) ET - Extra Time (proper name for "overtime") AET - After Extra Time (found on match reports to indicate extra time was played) KMI or CMI - Key Match Incident or Critical Match Incident ITOOTR - In The Opinion Of The Referee AC - Ass-chewing; a slang name for a stern verbal warning that might come before, in lieu of, or with a yellow card Generic YHTBT - You had to be there YMMV - Your mileage may vary MSU - Making s**t up MBB - Men Behaving Badly - usually referring to an men's league Video Review Specific VOR - Video Operations Room OFR - On Field Review RRA - Referee Review Area APP - Attacking Phase Possession