Here's the best I know or could find out... Scottish Football Assoc. - 1873 Scottish Cup - 1874 Professional football - 1893 Queen's Park - 1867 Thistle - 1868 Kilmarnock - 1869 Rangers - 1873 Hearts - 1874 Hibernian - 1875 Partick Thistle - 1876 St. Johnstone - 1884 Dunfermline - 1885 (I think) Motherwell - 1886 Celtic - 1888 Dundee - 1893 Aberdeen - 1903 Dundee Utd - 1909 Livingston - 1995 Other teams around during the formation of the SFA - Clydesdale, Vale of Leven, Dumbreck, Third Lanark Rifle Volunteer Reserves, Eastern, Granville and Rovers.
"From Queen’s Park winning the first Scottish Cup in 1874 to Livingston qualifying for Europe in 2002" - http://www.scottishleague.net/ (Scottish Historian's Website)
Hamilton Academics were established in 1874. Also, Queen's Park were established as an amateur side and have maintained their amateur status to this day. They are the only amateur club playing in a professional league that I know of. Some of the clubs in Northern England also go back to the 1860's. I think Sheffield Wednesday was formed around 1867 I think. There was a great website that I found awhile back that went into the history of the formation of the first clubs and leagues. I will try to find it. Scotland was integral in the formation of the first clubs and also in bringing professionalism into the sport. I think the first paid players were Scots that were hired by English clubs to play in the old Div 1 leagues.
Here is one of the sites on the early history of clubs and leagues. http://www.innotts.co.uk/~soccer/sfleg/slhist.htm
Here is one of the sites on the early history of clubs and leagues. http://www.innotts.co.uk/~soccer/sfleg/slhist.htm The Scots went to England to turn pro because of the SFA's insistence that the game in Scotland remain amateur.
Here is a link directly to the Scottish Football Museum that goes into the histroy of the game in the United Kingdom. http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/museum/history1_index.htm
Notts County are the oldest in England, follwed by SHeffield City and Hallam as far as I'm aware. All three still exist.