This is the info I was lacking. I didn't realize they could move for purely sporting reasons after 16. Thanks.
Yes, the problem for FIFA and UEFA is that they ran up against something bigger and more powerful than themselves. Despite what they'd like to believe, they aren't more powerful than the EU or national governments. 16 years old is the age of employment, so there really isn't anything FIFA and UEFA can do to supersede those laws. If hypothetically the EU and Spain passed a law saying all 12 year old Americans can work in Spain, then there would be nothing FIFA could do about it.
I found an article from a Catalan newspaper from a few days ago that discusses the club's punishment. This section, which I ran through Google Translate and cleaned up a bit, seems the most relevant here Players who are still affected by this rule regularly train with their teams and still live at La Masia, but every weekend they see their team-mates wear shorts while they must watch the game in a tracksuit. Their motivation is to keep improving in training and participate in friendlies or tournaments such as the Mediterranean International Cup, in which they have been present for all 14 editions. However, none of the players involved has seen minutes in the competition. The Mediterranean International Cup was held in Costa Brava from April 15-20, and Barcelona's Juvenil A team won their age group: http://www.fcbarcelona.es/futbol/juvenil-a/detalle/noticia/el-juvenil-a-campeon-de-europa-0-3
Sticking with my original position. I think Barca will able to sign players this summer but, they will lose the appeal and serve the ban in the two transfer windows in 2015.
Thanks to @Testudo in the YA forum for alerting us that Lederman has been called up to the US U-14 BNT camp: http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/08/14/08/140808-u14-bnt-training-camp-roster
Lederman has been called up to previous U14 events. Amazingly he will be in the U17 squad mix in a year and a half. He will be 16 years old...
Which of course means nothing. What were Jason Kreis' qualifications before he took over at RSL? Coaches gotta start somewhere. I mean he is a former US U20 and U23, won an MLS Cup with Kansas City in 2000, has been an assistant coach at the NCAA level and MLS level. He's well thought of in "insider circles" from what I understand. Keep in mind that the U14 USYNT coach is one of the most part-time gigs out there. Most development coaches would want a full time gig working day-to-day with kids at a club team. Brian's day-to-day work is presumably a scouting exercise.......................interrupted by sporadic and short camps with the kids.
Scored for USA U-14's against Real So Cal: Perez’s positive day from the right back spot was rewarded midway through the second half. The adventurous defender skipped past a few would-be challenges before playing the ball to Ben Lederman, who came on at half time, near the penalty kick spot. Lederman smashed the shot into the back of the net for the third goal of the game. http://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/us-u14-bnt-ends-successful-week_aid33412
DieKlinsMannschaft @Klinsmannschaft · 22h Ben Lederman being held out of official matches due to FCB transfer violations. Was amongst 8 of club's foreign youth players cited by FIFA.
Lederman is still at Barcelona. Rafinha just posted a picture on Friday on his facebook fan page with him, Ben, and another member of la Masia.